| 项目编号: | NE/L011751/1
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| 项目名称: | Cambrian Nervous Systems for Reconstructing the Arthropod Tree of Life |
| 作者: | Xiaoya Ma
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| 承担单位: | The Natural History Museum
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| 批准年: | 2013
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| 开始日期: | 2014-01-08
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| 结束日期: | 2020-30-04
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| 资助金额: | GBP430642
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| 资助来源: | UK-NERC
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| 项目类别: | Fellowship
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| 国家: | UK
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 特色学科分类: | Agri-environmental science 
; (30%)
; Animal Science 
; (40%)
; Ecol, biodivers. & systematics 
; (20%)
; Geosciences 
; (10%)
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| 英文摘要: | Arthropods are invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and jointed legs, such as insects, crabs, spiders and centipedes. Arthropoda is by far the largest and most diverse phylum today and is closely related to two smaller phyla, Onychophora (velvet worms) and Tardigrada (water bears), together forming Panarthropoda. They first appear 520 million years ago (Mya) in the "Cambrian Explosion", marked by the sudden appearance of most major animal phyla in the fossil record. The long geological history and exceptional diversity of panarthropods make them ideal candidates for understanding the origin and early evolution of animals, and it is thus fundamental to investigate their Cambrian fossil record.
The great diversity in the external appearance of panarthropods makes it difficult to understand their interrelationships. In contrast, recent studies show that the evolution of the central nervous system (CNS) has been remarkably conservative, and while variations between species can be recognised, the general arrangement within each major group has been very stable. Therefore, the CNS provides a primary source of data for understanding the relationships of major panarthropod groups. Unfortunately, extant species cannot inform us about the earliest panarthropod brains and nervous systems, or their early evolutionary history. Only fossils, which record the earliest stages in the evolution of arthropods, can provide the answers.
Soft parts of animals tend to decay away quickly after death, so most arthropod fossils are the remains of hard parts (e.g. exoskeletons) and much less is known about their internal anatomy. However, under exceptional circumstances, the unmineralised soft tissue of organisms can also be preserved in exquisite detail, such as in two famous Cambrian fossil assemblages: the Chengjiang biota, southwest China (circa 520 Mya), and the Burgess Shale, Canada (circa 505 Mya). Both yield abundant panarthropod fossils with exceptionally preserved external morphology and internal anatomy, providing crucial information about the earliest panarthropods. Countering orthodox assumptions that neural tissue does not withstand fossilization, the applicant and her colleagues recently reported exceptionally preserved brains and nervous systems from Chengjiang arthropods, which added a fresh injection of data for understanding fossil arthropods and established a new research field, "neuropalaeontology". Further provisional studies have discovered the brain and other neural tissues in even earlier-derived fossil panarthropods, providing vital information regarding the origin of arthropod brains; as well as new discoveries of exceptionally preserved circulatory systems (previously all but unknown in the arthropod fossil record) and sensory structures (e.g. eyes and sense organs on the antennae) from Cambrian panarthropods. Together with their CNS, these provide unique insights into the ecology and evolution of early panarthropods.
The aim of this project is to accurately document the CNS, sensory structures and other internal organ systems from exceptionally preserved Cambrian panarthropods (e.g. lobopodians, anomalocaridids and arthropods) of the Chengjiang and Burgess Shale biotas and compare the data with living groups, so as to increase our understanding of the evolutionary relationships between major groups during the early stages of radiation and divergence. |
| 资源类型: | 项目
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/101990
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| Appears in Collections: | 科学计划与规划
气候变化与战略
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作者单位: | The Natural History Museum
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Xiaoya Ma. Cambrian Nervous Systems for Reconstructing the Arthropod Tree of Life. 2013-01-01.
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