DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2623
论文题名: Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake
作者: Elliott J.R. ; Jolivet R. ; Gonzalez P.J. ; Avouac J.-P. ; Hollingsworth J. ; Searle M.P. ; Stevens V.L.
刊名: Nature Geoscience
ISSN: 17520894
出版年: 2016
卷: 9, 期: 2 起始页码: 174
结束页码: 180
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: data assimilation
; earthquake magnitude
; earthquake rupture
; fault displacement
; geodesy
; geodetic datum
; geometry
; Gorkha earthquake 2015
; plate boundary
; plate convergence
; seismicity
; structural analysis
; subsidence
; thrust fault
; topographic effect
; uplift
; Himalayas
; Kathmandu Valley
; Nepal
英文摘要: The Himalayan mountain range has been the locus of some of the largest continental earthquakes, including the 2015 magnitude 7.8 Gorkha earthquake. Competing hypotheses suggest that Himalayan topography is sustained and plate convergence is accommodated either predominantly on the main plate boundary fault, or more broadly across multiple smaller thrust faults. Here we use geodetic measurements of surface displacement to show that the Gorkha earthquake ruptured the Main Himalayan Thrust fault. The earthquake generated about 1 m of uplift in the Kathmandu Basin, yet caused the high Himalaya farther north to subside by about 0.6 m. We use the geodetic data, combined with geologic, geomorphological and geophysical analyses, to constrain the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust in the Kathmandu area. Structural analyses together with interseismic and coseismic displacements are best explained by a steep, shallow thrust fault flattening at depth between 5 and 15 km and connecting to a mid-crustal, steeper thrust. We suggest that present-day convergence across the Himalaya is mostly accommodated by this fault-no significant motion on smaller thrust faults is required. Furthermore, given that the Gorkha earthquake caused the high Himalayan mountains to subside and that our fault geometry explains measured interseismic displacements, we propose that growth of Himalayan topography may largely occur during the ongoing post-seismic phase. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited.
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/106086
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应 科学计划与规划
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作者单位: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; COMET, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; COMET, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; ARUP, 13 Fitzroy Street, London, United Kingdom; Ecole Normale Supérieure, Department of Geosciences, PSL Research University, Paris, France
Recommended Citation:
Elliott J.R.,Jolivet R.,Gonzalez P.J.,et al. Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake[J]. Nature Geoscience,2016-01-01,9(2)