Coastal communities around the world face an increasing risk from flooding as a result of rising sea level, increasing storminess and land subsidence12. Salt marshes can act as natural buffer zones, providing protection from waves during storms37. However, the effectiveness of marshes in protecting the coastline during extreme events when water levels are at a maximum and waves are highest is poorly understood8,9. Here we experimentally assess wave dissipation under storm surge conditions in a 300-metre-long wave flume tank that contains a transplanted section of natural salt marsh. We find that the presence of marsh vegetation causes considerable wave attenuation, even when water levels and waves are highest. From a comparison with experiments without vegetation, we estimate that up to 60% of observed wave reduction is attributed to vegetation. We also find that although waves progressively flatten and break vegetation stems and thereby reduce dissipation, the marsh substrate remained stable and resistant to surface erosion under all conditions. The effectiveness of storm wave dissipation and the resilience of tidal marshes even at extreme conditions suggest that salt marsh ecosystems can be a valuable component of coastal protection schemes.
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit, Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Fitzwilliam College, Storey's Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Forschungszentrum Küste (FZK), Merkurstr. 11, Hannover, Germany; Applied Plant Ecology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Ohnhorststr. 18, Hamburg, Germany; Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, HD Delft, Netherlands; Yerseke Spatial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Korringaweg 7, NT Yerseke, Netherlands
Recommended Citation:
Möller I.,Kudella M.,Rupprecht F.,et al. Wave attenuation over coastal salt marshes under storm surge conditions[J]. Nature Geoscience,2014-01-01,7(10)