DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.02.007
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85042664112
论文题名: Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured near a cold heavy oil production area
作者: Aklilu Y.-A. ; Cho S. ; Zhang Q. ; Taylor E.
刊名: Atmospheric Research
ISSN: 1698095
出版年: 2018
卷: 206 起始页码: 75
结束页码: 86
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Cold heavy oil production
; Positive Matrix Factorization analysis (PMF)
; Receptor model
; Source apportionment
; Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
Scopus关键词: Acetone
; Atmospheric chemistry
; Benzene
; Crude oil
; Extraction
; Factorization
; Gas chromatography
; Gas emissions
; Hydrocarbons
; Matrix algebra
; Meteorology
; Organic compounds
; Sulfur compounds
; Toluene
; Volatile organic compounds
; Carbonyl sulphides
; Combustion exhausts
; Emission inventories
; Extraction process
; Meteorological condition
; Positive Matrix Factorization
; Receptor model
; Source apportionment
; Heavy oil production
英文摘要: This study investigated sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) observed during periods of elevated hydrocarbon concentrations adjacent to a cold heavy oil extraction area in Alberta, Canada. Elevated total hydrocarbon (THC) concentrations were observed during the early morning hours and were associated with meteorological conditions indicative of gravitational drainage flows. THC concentrations were higher during the colder months, an occurrence likely promoted by a lower mixing height. On the other hand, other VOCs had higher concentrations in the summer; this is likely due to increased evaporation and atmospheric chemistry during the summer months. Of all investigated VOC compounds, alkanes contributed the greatest in all seasons. A source apportionment method, positive matrix factorization (PMF), was used to identify the potential contribution of various sources to the observed VOC concentrations. A total of five factors were apportioned including Benzene/Hexane, Oil Evaporative, Toluene/Xylene, Acetone and Assorted Local/Regional Air Masses. Three of the five factors (i.e., Benzene/Hexane, Oil Evaporative, and Toluene/Xylene), formed 27% of the reconstructed and unassigned concentration and are likely associated with emissions from heavy oil extraction. The three factors associated with emissions were comparable to the available emission inventory for the area. Potential sources include solution gas venting, combustion exhaust and fugitive emissions from extraction process additives. The remaining two factors (i.e., Acetone and Assorted Local/Regional Air Mass), comprised 49% of the reconstructed and unassigned concentration and contain key VOCs associated with atmospheric chemistry or the local/regional air mass such as acetone, carbonyl sulphide, Freon-11 and butane. © 2018 Elsevier B.V. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/108903
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Government of Alberta, Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, T5J 1G4, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Aklilu Y.-A.,Cho S.,Zhang Q.,et al. Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds measured near a cold heavy oil production area[J]. Atmospheric Research,2018-01-01,206