DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13866
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85040536294
论文题名: Extreme weather-year sequences have nonadditive effects on environmental nitrogen losses
作者: Iqbal J. ; Necpalova M. ; Archontoulis S.V. ; Anex R.P. ; Bourguignon M. ; Herzmann D. ; Mitchell D.C. ; Sawyer J.E. ; Zhu Q. ; Castellano M.J.
刊名: Global Change Biology
ISSN: 13541013
出版年: 2018
卷: 24, 期: 1 起始页码: e303
结束页码: e317
语种: 英语
英文关键词: climate change
; crop phase
; crop system
; extreme precipitation
; nitrate
; nitrous oxide
Scopus关键词: climate change
; crop rotation
; environmental effect
; extreme event
; leaching
; maize
; nitrate
; nitrogen
; nitrous oxide
; precipitation (climatology)
; soybean
; Iowa
; United States
; Glycine max
; Zea mays
英文摘要: The frequency and intensity of extreme weather years, characterized by abnormal precipitation and temperature, are increasing. In isolation, these years have disproportionately large effects on environmental N losses. However, the sequence of extreme weather years (e.g., wet–dry vs. dry–wet) may affect cumulative N losses. We calibrated and validated the DAYCENT ecosystem process model with a comprehensive set of biogeophysical measurements from a corn–soybean rotation managed at three N fertilizer inputs with and without a winter cover crop in Iowa, USA. Our objectives were to determine: (i) how 2-year sequences of extreme weather affect 2-year cumulative N losses across the crop rotation, and (ii) if N fertilizer management and the inclusion of a winter cover crop between corn and soybean mitigate the effect of extreme weather on N losses. Using historical weather (1951–2013), we created nine 2-year scenarios with all possible combinations of the driest (“dry”), wettest (“wet”), and average (“normal”) weather years. We analyzed the effects of these scenarios following several consecutive years of relatively normal weather. Compared with the normal–normal 2-year weather scenario, 2-year extreme weather scenarios affected 2-year cumulative NO3 − leaching (range: −93 to +290%) more than N2O emissions (range: −49 to +18%). The 2-year weather scenarios had nonadditive effects on N losses: compared with the normal–normal scenario, the dry–wet sequence decreased 2-year cumulative N2O emissions while the wet–dry sequence increased 2-year cumulative N2O emissions. Although dry weather decreased NO3 − leaching and N2O emissions in isolation, 2-year cumulative N losses from the wet–dry scenario were greater than the dry–wet scenario. Cover crops reduced the effects of extreme weather on NO3 − leaching but had a lesser effect on N2O emissions. As the frequency of extreme weather is expected to increase, these data suggest that the sequence of interannual weather patterns can be used to develop short-term mitigation strategies that manipulate N fertilizer and crop rotation to maximize crop N uptake while reducing environmental N losses. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/110571
Appears in Collections: 影响、适应和脆弱性 气候变化事实与影响
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States; Department of Environmental Systems Science, Universitätstrasse 2, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States; Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
Recommended Citation:
Iqbal J.,Necpalova M.,Archontoulis S.V.,et al. Extreme weather-year sequences have nonadditive effects on environmental nitrogen losses[J]. Global Change Biology,2018-01-01,24(1)