| DOI: | 10.1016/j.watres.2018.07.030
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| Scopus记录号: | 2-s2.0-85053026352
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| 论文题名: | Hygiene aspect of treating human urine by alkaline dehydration |
| 作者: | Senecal J.; Nordin A.; Simha P.; Vinnerås B.
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| 刊名: | Water Research
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| ISSN: | 431354
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| 出版年: | 2018
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| 卷: | 144 | | 起始页码: | 474
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| 结束页码: | 481
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 英文关键词: | Alkaline treatment
; Fertiliser
; Pathogen
; Sanitation
; Urine concentration
; Urine diversion
; Volume reduction
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| Scopus关键词: | Alkalinity
; Bacteria
; Bacteriophages
; Contamination
; Dehydration
; Digital storage
; Eutrophication
; Fertilizers
; Linear regression
; Nutrients
; Pathogens
; Sanitation
; Alkaline treatment
; Cross contamination
; Detection limits
; Enterococcus faecalis
; Hygiene assessments
; Non-linear regression
; Spreading disease
; Volume reductions
; Body fluids
; alkalinity
; concentration (composition)
; dehydration
; eutrophication
; excretion
; fertilizer
; hygiene
; microorganism
; pathogen
; sanitation
; temperature effect
; urine
; Ascaris suum
; Bacteria (microorganisms)
; Enterococcus faecalis
; Salmonella
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| 英文摘要: | Over four billion people are discharging untreated human excreta into the environment without any prior treatment, causing eutrophication and spreading disease. The most nutrient rich fraction is the urine. Urine can be collected separately and dehydrated in an alkaline bed producing a nutrient rich fertiliser. However, faecal cross-contamination during the collection risks to introduce pathogens to the urine. The objective of this hygiene assessment was to study the inactivation of five microorganisms (Ascaris suum, Enterococcus faecalis, bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX 174 and Salmonella spp) in alkaline dehydrated urine. Fresh human urine was dehydrated in wood ash at 42 °C until the pH decreased to ≤10.5, at which point the saturated ash was inoculated with faeces containing the microorganisms and left open to the air (mimicking stockpiling of the end product) at temperatures of 20 and 42 °C. The bacteria and bacteriophages were inactivated to below the detection limit (100 cfu ml−1 for bacteria; 10 pfu mL−1 for bacteriophages) within four days storage at 20 °C. A. suum inactivation data was fitted to a non-linear regression model, which estimated a required 325 days of storage at 20 °C and 9.2 days at 42 °C to reach a 3 log10 reduction. However, the urine dehydration in itself achieved a concentration <1 A. suum per 4 g of dehydrated medium which fulfil the WHO guidelines for unrestricted use. © 2018 The Authors |
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112507
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| Appears in Collections: | 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: | Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Energy and Technology, Box 7032, Uppsala, SE–750 07, Sweden
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| Recommended Citation: | |
Senecal J.,Nordin A.,Simha P.,et al. Hygiene aspect of treating human urine by alkaline dehydration[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,144
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