DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.047
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85048867582
论文题名: Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts
作者: Mo W. ; Cornejo P.K. ; Malley J.P. ; Kane T.E. ; Collins M.R.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2018
卷: 143 起始页码: 155
结束页码: 164
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Disinfection byproduct
; Granular activated carbon
; Life cycle cost assessment
; Ozone
; Small drinking water systems
; UV disinfection
英文摘要: Many of the small drinking water systems in the US that utilize simple filtration and chlorine disinfection or chlorine disinfection alone are facing disinfection byproduct (DBP) noncompliance issues, which need immediate upgrades. In this study, four potential upgrade scenarios, namely the GAC, ozone, UV30, and UV186 scenarios, were designed for a typical small drinking water systems and compared in terms of embodied energy, carbon footprint, and life cycle cost. These scenarios are designed to either reduce the amount of DBP precursors using granular activated carbon filtration (the GAC scenario) or ozonation (the ozone scenario), or replace the chlorine disinfection with the UV disinfection at different intensities followed by chloramination (the UV30 and UV186 scenarios). The UV30 scenario was found to have the lowest embodied energy (417 GJ/year) and life cycle cost ($0.25 million US dollars), while the GAC scenario has the lowest carbon footprint (21 Mg CO2e/year). The UV186 scenario consistently presents the highest environmental and economic impacts. The major contributors of the economic and environmental impacts of individual scenarios also differ. Energy and/or material consumptions during the operation phase dominate the environmental impacts of the four scenarios, while the infrastructure investments have a noticeable contribution to the economic costs. The results are sensitive to changes in water quality. An increase of raw water quality, i.e., an increase in organic precursor content, could potentially result in the ozone scenario being the least energy intensive scenario, while a decrease of water quality could greatly reduce the overall competitiveness of the GAC scenario. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112587
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New Hampshire, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, California State UniversityChico, United States
Recommended Citation:
Mo W.,Cornejo P.K.,Malley J.P.,et al. Life cycle environmental and economic implications of small drinking water system upgrades to reduce disinfection byproducts[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,143