globalchange  > 气候减缓与适应
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.015
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85047565858
论文题名:
Minimum energy requirements for desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States with comparison to international datasets
作者: Ahdab Y.D.; Thiel G.P.; Böhlke J.K.; Stanton J.; Lienhard J.H.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2018
卷: 141
起始页码: 387
结束页码: 404
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Brackish groundwater composition ; Desalination ; Energy requirements ; Least work of separation ; Saturation index
Scopus关键词: Chlorine compounds ; Desalination ; Dissolution ; Energy utilization ; Geographical distribution ; Groundwater ; Ionic strength ; Silica ; Sulfur compounds ; Water supply ; Brackish ground water ; Brackish water reverse osmosis ; Energy requirements ; Groundwater desalination ; Saturation index ; Specific energy consumption ; U.s. geological surveys ; Work of separation ; Groundwater resources ; anion ; bicarbonate ; brackish water ; calcium ; calcium carbonate ; calcium sulfate ; cation ; chloride ; electrolyte ; ground water ; silicon dioxide ; sodium ; sulfate ; ground water ; salt water ; brackish water ; chemical composition ; comparative study ; concentration (composition) ; data set ; desalination ; energy efficiency ; energy use ; groundwater ; index method ; saturation ; separation ; solute ; water demand ; water resource ; water stress ; water supply ; accuracy ; Article ; Australia ; chemical composition ; conductance ; desalination ; energy consumption ; energy cost ; geographic distribution ; ionic strength ; priority journal ; reverse osmosis ; separation technique ; Spain ; United States ; water sampling ; water stress ; water supply ; chemistry ; energy conservation ; procedures ; United States ; water management ; Australia ; Spain ; United States ; Australia ; Conservation of Energy Resources ; Groundwater ; Saline Waters ; Spain ; Sulfates ; United States ; Water Purification
英文摘要: This paper uses chemical and physical data from a large 2017 U.S. Geological Survey groundwater dataset with wells in the U.S. and three smaller international groundwater datasets with wells primarily in Australia and Spain to carry out a comprehensive investigation of brackish groundwater composition in relation to minimum desalination energy costs. First, we compute the site-specific least work required for groundwater desalination. Least work of separation represents a baseline for specific energy consumption of desalination systems. We develop simplified equations based on the U.S. data for least work as a function of water recovery ratio and a proxy variable for composition, either total dissolved solids, specific conductance, molality or ionic strength. We show that the U.S. correlations for total dissolved solids and molality may be applied to the international datasets. We find that total molality can be used to calculate the least work of dilute solutions with very high accuracy. Then, we examine the effects of groundwater solute composition on minimum energy requirements, showing that separation requirements increase from calcium to sodium for cations and from sulfate to bicarbonate to chloride for anions, for any given TDS concentration. We study the geographic distribution of least work, total dissolved solids, and major ions concentration across the U.S. We determine areas with both low least work and high water stress in order to highlight regions holding potential for desalination to decrease the disparity between high water demand and low water supply. Finally, we discuss the implications of the USGS results on water resource planning, by comparing least work to the specific energy consumption of brackish water reverse osmosis plants and showing the scaling propensity of major electrolytes and silica in the U.S. groundwater samples. © 2018
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112669
Appears in Collections:气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; U.S. Geological Survey, MS 431, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, United States; U.S. Geological Survey, 10 Bearfoot Road, Northborough, MA 01532, United States

Recommended Citation:
Ahdab Y.D.,Thiel G.P.,Böhlke J.K.,et al. Minimum energy requirements for desalination of brackish groundwater in the United States with comparison to international datasets[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,141
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