globalchange  > 气候减缓与适应
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.054
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85041463748
论文题名:
Efficacy of microbial sampling recommendations and practices in sub-Saharan Africa
作者: Taylor D.D.J.; Khush R.; Peletz R.; Kumpel E.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2018
卷: 134
起始页码: 115
结束页码: 125
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Guidelines for drinking water quality ; Microbial water quality ; Sampling programs ; Statistical uncertainty ; Sub-saharan Africa ; Water quality regulations
Scopus关键词: Contamination ; Pollution detection ; Potable water ; Regulatory compliance ; Sampling ; Water distribution systems ; Water quality ; Drinking water systems ; Fecal indicator bacteria ; Low-resource settings ; Microbial water quality ; Number of samples ; Quality regulation ; Statistical uncertainty ; Sub-saharan africa ; Water pollution ; drinking water ; bacterium ; bioindicator ; concentration (composition) ; drinking water ; efficiency measurement ; microbial activity ; sampling ; statistical analysis ; water quality ; Africa south of the Sahara ; Article ; human ; microbial contamination ; microbiological examination ; prevalence ; priority journal ; sampling ; statistical model ; uncertainty ; water contamination ; water quality ; water supply ; bacterium ; environmental monitoring ; feces ; isolation and purification ; legislation and jurisprudence ; microbiology ; procedures ; water quality ; Sub-Saharan Africa ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Bacteria ; Drinking Water ; Environmental Monitoring ; Feces ; Water Microbiology ; Water Quality ; Water Supply
英文摘要: Current guidelines for testing drinking water quality recommend that the sampling rate, which is the number of samples tested for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) per year, increases as the population served by the drinking water system increases. However, in low-resource settings, prevalence of contamination tends to be higher, potentially requiring higher sampling rates and different statistical methods not addressed by current sampling recommendations. We analyzed 27,930 tests for FIB collected from 351 piped water systems in eight countries in sub-Saharan Africa to assess current sampling rates, observed contamination prevalences, and the ability of monitoring agencies to complete two common objectives of sampling programs: determine regulatory compliance and detect a change over time. Although FIB were never detected in samples from 75% of piped water systems, only 14% were sampled often enough to conclude with 90% confidence that the true contamination prevalence met an example guideline (≤5% chance of any sample positive for FIB). Similarly, after observing a ten percentage point increase in contaminated samples, 43% of PWS would still require more than a year before their monitoring agency could be confident that contamination had actually increased. We conclude that current sampling practices in these settings may provide insufficient information because they collect too few samples. We also conclude that current guidelines could be improved by specifying how to increase sampling after contamination has been detected. Our results suggest that future recommendations should explicitly consider the regulatory limit and desired confidence in results, and adapt when FIB is detected. © 2018 The Author(s)
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/112908
Appears in Collections:气候减缓与适应

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作者单位: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Aquaya Institute, P.O. Box 5502, Santa Cruz, CA 95063, United States; Aquaya Institute, Riara Corporate Suites, Suite #203, Riara Road, Kilimani Estate, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts AmherstMA 01003, United States

Recommended Citation:
Taylor D.D.J.,Khush R.,Peletz R.,et al. Efficacy of microbial sampling recommendations and practices in sub-Saharan Africa[J]. Water Research,2018-01-01,134
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