| DOI: | 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.07.008
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| 论文题名: | Non-equilibrium hillslope dynamics and irreversible landscape changes at a shifting pinyon-juniper woodland ecotone |
| 作者: | McAuliffe J.R.; McFadden L.D.; Roberts L.M.; Wawrzyniec T.F.; Scuderi L.A.; Meyer G.A.; King M.P.
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| ISSN: | 0921-8506
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| 出版年: | 2014
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| 卷: | 122 | | 起始页码: | 1
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| 结束页码: | 13
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| 语种: | 英语
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| 英文关键词: | Biogeomorphology
; Colorado Plateau
; Ecohydrology
; Ecotone
; Hillslope
; Pinus edulis
; Pinyon-juniper woodland
; Soil erosion
; Tree ring
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| Scopus关键词: | Erosion
; Feedback
; Forestry
; Geomorphology
; Grading
; Sediment transport
; Soil moisture
; Temperature
; Vegetation
; Catchments
; Digital storage
; Biogeomorphology
; Colorado Plateau
; Eco-hydrology
; Ecotone
; Hillslopes
; Pinus edulis
; Pinyon-juniper woodlands
; Soil erosion
; Tree rings
; Soil conservation
; coniferous tree
; drainage basin
; ecohydrology
; ecotone
; erosion rate
; feedback mechanism
; hillslope
; hydrological change
; landscape change
; soil erosion
; tree ring
; vegetation cover
; woodland
; bedrock
; denudation
; drainage
; hydrological response
; landscape
; mapping
; microclimate
; runoff
; soil moisture
; soil temperature
; soil water
; Conservation
; Erosion
; Forestry
; Moisture
; Pinus Edulis
; Plants
; Sediments
; Soil
; Temperature
; Transport
; Arizona
; Colorado Plateau
; United States
; Juniperus
; Pinus edulis
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| 英文摘要: | Pinyon-juniper woodlands of the western United States frequently exist within topographically complex landscapes where varied slope aspect yields substantial, local microclimate variation. Vegetation composition and cover typically change markedly along the gradient of relatively mesic northern aspects to more xeric southern aspects. Ecohydrological processes including precipitation runoff, soil moisture storage, and erosion are strongly influenced by vegetation. In certain cases, reduction of plant cover may set self-enhancing feedbacks in motion that lead to further declines of both vegetation and soils, and in some cases, replacement of woodlands with more xerophytic vegetation. The first place such change is likely to occur is in the ecotone between the drier southern aspects and moister north aspects. We studied vegetation, soils, and soil erosion in two small (1-2. ha) drainage basins in northeastern Arizona where pinyon-juniper woodlands occupy northern aspects, grading to shrub-dominated vegetation on more xeric southern aspects. Mapping of soil thickness, use of tree-root exposure to measure long-term soil erosion rates, and data on tree mortality and establishment indicate that the ecotone between woodland and more xerophytic vegetation has apparently been shifting for centuries, with a reduction in woodland vegetation. Erosion rates on xeric aspects ranged from 14 to 23. cm per century in one basin and as much as 60. cm per century in the other basin. In contrast, mesic aspects showed either no net soil losses over the last several centuries or rates significantly less than on the xeric aspects. Exposure of small roots (<. 5. mm diameter) of cliff rose (Purshia stansburiana) directly overlying bare bedrock surfaces indicates that the process of denudation is ongoing and probably expanding in ecotonal areas. Mesic and xeric aspects exemplify "conserving" vs. "non-conserving" ecohydrologic systems in terms of their capacities to retain water and soils. The contrasting sets of self-enhancing feedback dynamics on xeric vs. mesic aspects not only produce different states in vegetation and soils, they also set in motion the production of pronounced geomorphic contrasts that probably require centuries to millennia to develop. The ongoing ecohydrological transitions in the more xeric aspects are in the process of transforming those hillslopes from smooth, curvilinear, soil-mantled, sediment transport-limited slopes to detachment-limited slopes characterized by an expanding area of bare bedrock steps and cliffs, and this transition is probably irreversible. Predicted temperature increases over the next century for the region are comparable to the present-day soil temperature differential on xeric vs. mesic aspects at the site. Soil temperature is the principal driver of soil water evapotranspirative losses, and because of the interdependent linkages between soil temperature, soil moisture, weathering, production and retention of soil, vegetation, and hydrological response, relatively small temperature increases will likely accelerate the ongoing environmental changes in this and similar areas. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. |
| URL: | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905713545&doi=10.1016%2fj.gloplacha.2014.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=6cdbf2f1f8d8fa9478c2a1f42115e680
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| 资源类型: | 期刊论文
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| 标识符: | http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/11412
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| Appears in Collections: | 全球变化的国际研究计划
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作者单位: | Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N. Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008, United States
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| Recommended Citation: | |
McAuliffe J.R.,McFadden L.D.,Roberts L.M.,et al. Non-equilibrium hillslope dynamics and irreversible landscape changes at a shifting pinyon-juniper woodland ecotone[J],2014-01-01,122.
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