DOI: 10.1002/2017JD027194
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85043721206
论文题名: CAUSES: On the Role of Surface Energy Budget Errors to the Warm Surface Air Temperature Error Over the Central United States
作者: Ma H.-Y. ; Klein S.A. ; Xie S. ; Zhang C. ; Tang S. ; Tang Q. ; Morcrette C.J. ; Van Weverberg K. ; Petch J. ; Ahlgrimm M. ; Berg L.K. ; Cheruy F. ; Cole J. ; Forbes R. ; Gustafson W.I. ; Jr. ; Huang M. ; Liu Y. ; Merryfield W. ; Qian Y. ; Roehrig R. ; Wang Y.-C.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
ISSN: 2169897X
出版年: 2018
卷: 123, 期: 5 起始页码: 2888
结束页码: 2909
语种: 英语
英文关键词: evaporative fraction
; radiation
; SGP
; surface air temperature
; surface energy budget
; systematic errors
Scopus关键词: air temperature
; climate modeling
; energy budget
; error analysis
; evaporation
; longwave radiation
; midlatitude environment
; precipitation (climatology)
; radiative transfer
; shortwave radiation
; surface energy
; turbulent flow
; weather forecasting
; Great Plains
; United States
英文摘要: Many weather forecast and climate models simulate warm surface air temperature (T2m) biases over midlatitude continents during the summertime, especially over the Great Plains. We present here one of a series of papers from a multimodel intercomparison project (CAUSES: Cloud Above the United States and Errors at the Surface), which aims to evaluate the role of cloud, radiation, and precipitation biases in contributing to the T2m bias using a short-term hindcast approach during the spring and summer of 2011. Observations are mainly from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains sites. The present study examines the contributions of surface energy budget errors. All participating models simulate too much net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface but with no consistent mean bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central United States and Southern Great Plains. Nevertheless, biases in the net shortwave and downward longwave fluxes as well as surface evaporative fraction (EF) are contributors to T2m bias. Radiation biases are largely affected by cloud simulations, while EF bias is largely affected by soil moisture modulated by seasonal accumulated precipitation and evaporation. An approximate equation based upon the surface energy budget is derived to further quantify the magnitudes of radiation and EF contributions to T2m bias. Our analysis ascribes that a large EF underestimate is the dominant source of error in all models with a large positive temperature bias, whereas an EF overestimate compensates for an excess of absorbed shortwave radiation in nearly all the models with the smallest temperature bias. ©2018. The Authors. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/114271
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States; Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France; Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada; CNRM, Meteo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France; Research Center for Environmental Change, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Recommended Citation:
Ma H.-Y.,Klein S.A.,Xie S.,et al. CAUSES: On the Role of Surface Energy Budget Errors to the Warm Surface Air Temperature Error Over the Central United States[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2018-01-01,123(5)