DOI: 10.1002/2017JD027752
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85041017463
论文题名: Impact of Grain Shape and Multiple Black Carbon Internal Mixing on Snow Albedo: Parameterization and Radiative Effect Analysis
作者: He C. ; Liou K.-N. ; Takano Y. ; Yang P. ; Qi L. ; Chen F.
刊名: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
ISSN: 2169897X
出版年: 2018
卷: 123, 期: 2 起始页码: 1253
结束页码: 1268
语种: 英语
英文关键词: black carbon
; internal mixing
; parameterization
; radiative effect
; snow albedo
; snow grain shape
Scopus关键词: albedo
; black carbon
; climate modeling
; concentration (composition)
; grain size
; mixing
; parameterization
; radiative transfer
; shape
; snow
; wavelength
; Arctic
; China
; North America
英文摘要: We quantify the effects of grain shape and multiple black carbon (BC)-snow internal mixing on snow albedo by explicitly resolving shape and mixing structures. Nonspherical snow grains tend to have higher albedos than spheres with the same effective sizes, while the albedo difference due to shape effects increases with grain size, with up to 0.013 and 0.055 for effective radii of 1,000 μm at visible and near-infrared bands, respectively. BC-snow internal mixing reduces snow albedo at wavelengths < ~1.5 μm, with negligible effects at longer wavelengths. Nonspherical snow grains show less BC-induced albedo reductions than spheres with the same effective sizes by up to 0.06 at ultraviolet and visible bands. Compared with external mixing, internal mixing enhances snow albedo reduction by a factor of 1.2–2.0 at visible wavelengths depending on BC concentration and snow shape. The opposite effects on albedo reductions due to snow grain nonsphericity and BC-snow internal mixing point toward a careful investigation of these two factors simultaneously in climate modeling. We further develop parameterizations for snow albedo and its reduction by accounting for grain shape and BC-snow internal/external mixing. Combining the parameterizations with BC-in-snow measurements in China, North America, and the Arctic, we estimate that nonspherical snow grains reduce BC-induced albedo radiative effects by up to 50% compared with spherical grains. Moreover, BC-snow internal mixing enhances the albedo effects by up to 30% (130%) for spherical (nonspherical) grains relative to external mixing. The overall uncertainty induced by snow shape and BC-snow mixing state is about 21–32%. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/114666
Appears in Collections: 气候减缓与适应
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作者单位: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, United States; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Recommended Citation:
He C.,Liou K.-N.,Takano Y.,et al. Impact of Grain Shape and Multiple Black Carbon Internal Mixing on Snow Albedo: Parameterization and Radiative Effect Analysis[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres,2018-01-01,123(2)