DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0603.1
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85059610116
论文题名: The role of the nonlinearity of the Stefan-Boltzmann law on the structure of radiatively forced temperature change
作者: Henry M. ; Merlis T.M.
刊名: Journal of Climate
ISSN: 8948755
出版年: 2019
卷: 32, 期: 2 起始页码: 335
结束页码: 348
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Arctic
; Atmosphere
; Feedback
; General circulation models
; Radiation budgets
Scopus关键词: Atmospheric radiation
; Atmospheric structure
; Budget control
; Climate change
; Earth atmosphere
; Feedback
; Linearization
; Radiation
; Temperature distribution
; Troposphere
; Arctic
; Atmospheric general circulation models
; Climate change simulations
; General circulation model
; Hydrological cycles
; Polar amplifications
; Radiation budget
; Temperature dependence
; Atmospheric temperature
; feedback mechanism
; general circulation model
; nonlinearity
; radiation budget
; radiative forcing
; temperature anomaly
; Arctic
英文摘要: The Stefan-Boltzmann law governs the temperature dependence of the blackbody emission of radiation: E=σT 4 . A consequence of this nonlinearity is that a cold object needs a greater increase in temperature than a hot object in order to reach the same increase in radiation emitted. Therefore, this nonlinearity potentially has an impact on the structure of radiatively forced atmospheric temperature change in both the horizontal and vertical directions. For example, it has previously been argued to be a cause of polar amplification (PA) of surface air warming. Here, the role of this nonlinearity is investigated by 1) assessing the magnitude of its effect on PA compared to spatial variations inCO 2 's radiative forcing for Earth's atmosphere and 2) linearizing σT 4 in a gray radiation atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) with an interactive hydrological cycle. Estimates for Earth's atmosphere show that the combination of the Planck feedback and forcing from CO 2 would produce a tropically amplified warming if they were the only means of changing the Earth's energy balance. Contrary to expectations, climate change simulations with linearized radiation do not have reduced polar amplification of surface air warming relative to the standard GCM configuration. However, simulations with linearized radiation consistently show less warming in the upper troposphere and more warming in the lower troposphere across latitudes. The lapse rate feedbacks from pure radiative and radiative-convective configurations of the model are used to show that the ''cold-altitudes-warm-more'' effect of the σT 4 nonlinearity carries across this model hierarchy. © 2018 American Meteorological Society. Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/117257
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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Recommended Citation:
Henry M.,Merlis T.M.. The role of the nonlinearity of the Stefan-Boltzmann law on the structure of radiatively forced temperature change[J]. Journal of Climate,2019-01-01,32(2)