DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.12.004
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85060341676
论文题名: Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492
作者: Koch A. ; Brierley C. ; Maslin M.M. ; Lewis S.L.
刊名: Quaternary Science Reviews
ISSN: 2773791
出版年: 2019
卷: 207 起始页码: 13
结束页码: 36
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Anthropocene
; Archaeology
; Carbon cycle dynamics
; Central America
; De-population
; Disease epidemics
; Great dying
; Land use change
; South America
; Vegetation dynamics
Scopus关键词: Budget control
; Carbon
; Carbon dioxide
; Epidemiology
; Forestry
; Population statistics
; Vegetation
; Anthropocene
; Archaeology
; Carbon cycles
; Central America
; De-population
; Great dying
; Land-use change
; South America
; Vegetation dynamics
; Land use
; air temperature
; anthropogenic effect
; archaeology
; carbon budget
; carbon cycle
; carbon dioxide
; concentration (composition)
; epidemic
; land use change
; population estimation
; population size
; secondary succession
; vegetation dynamics
; Central America
; Europe
; North America
; South America
英文摘要: Human impacts prior to the Industrial Revolution are not well constrained. We investigate whether the decline in global atmospheric CO 2 concentration by 7–10 ppm in the late 1500s and early 1600s which globally lowered surface air temperatures by 0.15 ∘ C, were generated by natural forcing or were a result of the large-scale depopulation of the Americas after European arrival, subsequent land use change and secondary succession. We quantitatively review the evidence for (i) the pre-Columbian population size, (ii) their per capita land use, (iii) the post-1492 population loss, (iv) the resulting carbon uptake of the abandoned anthropogenic landscapes, and then compare these to potential natural drivers of global carbon declines of 7–10 ppm. From 119 published regional population estimates we calculate a pre-1492 CE population of 60.5 million (interquartile range, IQR 44.8–78.2 million), utilizing 1.04 ha land per capita (IQR 0.98–1.11). European epidemics removed 90% (IQR 87–92%) of the indigenous population over the next century. This resulted in secondary succession of 55.8 Mha (IQR 39.0–78.4 Mha) of abandoned land, sequestering 7.4 Pg C (IQR 4.9–10.8 Pg C), equivalent to a decline in atmospheric CO 2 of 3.5 ppm (IQR 2.3–5.1 ppm CO 2 ). Accounting for carbon cycle feedbacks plus LUC outside the Americas gives a total 5 ppm CO 2 additional uptake into the land surface in the 1500s compared to the 1400s, 47–67% of the atmospheric CO 2 decline. Furthermore, we show that the global carbon budget of the 1500s cannot be balanced until large-scale vegetation regeneration in the Americas is included. The Great Dying of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas resulted in a human-driven global impact on the Earth System in the two centuries prior to the Industrial Revolution. © 2019 The Authors Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/117378
Appears in Collections: 气候变化与战略
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Recommended Citation:
Koch A.,Brierley C.,Maslin M.M.,et al. Earth system impacts of the European arrival and Great Dying in the Americas after 1492[J]. Quaternary Science Reviews,2019-01-01,207