DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.01.019
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85060766564
论文题名: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in precipitation from mainland China: Contributions of unknown precursors and short-chain (C2–C3) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
作者: Chen H. ; Zhang L. ; Li M. ; Yao Y. ; Zhao Z. ; Munoz G. ; Sun H.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2019
起始页码: 169
结束页码: 177
语种: 英语
英文关键词: 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFAES)
; PFAS alternatives
; Precipitation
; Total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay
; Trifluoroacetate (TFA)
; Unknown PFAA precursors (pre-PFAAs)
Scopus关键词: Ethers
; Precipitation (chemical)
; Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids
; Perfluorooctane sulfonic acids
; Perfluorooctanoic acid
; PFAS alternatives
; Polyfluoroalkyl substances
; Sulfonic acid
; Trifluoroacetates
; Unknown PFAA precursors (pre-PFAAs)
; Molar concentration
; alkyl group
; carboxylic acid
; perfluoroalkyl
; perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
; perfluorooctanoic acid
; phosphoric acid
; polyfluoroalkyl
; trifluoroacetic acid
; unclassified drug
; acetate
; bioassay
; carboxylic acid
; chemical substance
; concentration (composition)
; precipitation (chemistry)
; sampling
; Article
; atmosphere
; chemical structure
; China
; chlorination
; environmental monitoring
; environmental risk
; high performance liquid chromatography
; ion exchange
; precipitation
; precursor
; priority journal
; risk factor
; surface property
; tandem mass spectrometry
; urban area
; wet deposition
; China
英文摘要: A nationwide survey was conducted on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in precipitation across mainland China. Twenty-two PFASs, including precursors to perfluoroalkyl acids (pre-PFAAs), were investigated in thirty-nine precipitation samples collected from twenty-eight cities. Trifluoroacetate (TFA), perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were ubiquitous in precipitation. TFA displayed the highest concentrations (8.8–1.8 × 10 3 ng/L), which were particularly elevated in coastal cities. 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid, an alternative to PFOS, was detected for the first time in precipitation at a frequency of 43%. Polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid diesters and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid were also occasionally detected. PFAS fluxes in the northeastern area (C4–C12; 2.0 × 10 2 –3.4 × 10 3 ng/m 2 /d) with major PFAS manufacturing facilities were higher than those in the southwestern area (63–1.7 × 10 3 ng/m 2 /d). Using total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay, the occurrence of unknown pre-PFAAs was for the first time uncovered in precipitation with maximum estimated fluxes of C6 and C8 pre-PFAAs at 3.1 × 10 3 and 4.3 × 10 3 ng/m 2 /d, respectively. The relative contribution of ultrashort-chain PFCAs (C2–C3) ranged from 22% to 91% of ∑PFASs, while unknown pre-PFAAs accounted for 6%–56% of the total molar concentrations of PFASs. This bears critical concerns on underestimation of PFAS mass load from precipitation to surface environment ascribed to monitoring data solely on known PFASs. Unknown precursors of PFAAs in the atmosphere are yet to be identified for their chemical structures and relevant environmental risks as well. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/121985
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
Recommended Citation:
Chen H.,Zhang L.,Li M.,et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in precipitation from mainland China: Contributions of unknown precursors and short-chain (C2–C3) perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids[J]. Water Research,2019-01-01