DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.074
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85060166241
论文题名: Performance metrics for the objective assessment of capacitive deionization systems
作者: Hawks S.A. ; Ramachandran A. ; Porada S. ; Campbell P.G. ; Suss M.E. ; Biesheuvel P.M. ; Santiago J.G. ; Stadermann M.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2019
起始页码: 126
结束页码: 137
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Capacitive deionization
; Capacitive desalination
; CDI
; Performance
Scopus关键词: Energy utilization
; Sodium chloride
; Average concentration
; Capacitive deionization
; Objective assessment
; Performance
; Performance analysis
; Performance indicators
; Performance measure
; Separation condition
; Desalination
; sodium chloride
; concentration (composition)
; desalination
; electrode
; energy use
; membrane
; performance assessment
; salinity
; separation
; artificial membrane
; capacitive deionization
; desalination
; energy consumption
; priority journal
; Review
; salinity
英文摘要: In the growing field of capacitive deionization (CDI), a number of performance metrics have emerged to describe the desalination process. Unfortunately, the separation conditions under which these metrics are measured are often not specified, resulting in optimal performance at minimal removal. Here we outline a system of performance metrics and reporting conditions that resolves this issue. Our proposed system is based on volumetric energy consumption (Wh/m3) and throughput productivity (L/h/m2) reported for a specific average concentration reduction, water recovery, and feed salinity. To facilitate and rationalize comparisons between devices, materials, and operation modes, we propose a nominal standard separation of removing 5 mM from a 20 mM NaCl feed solution at 50% water recovery. We propose this particular separation as a standard, but emphasize that the rationale presented here applies irrespective of separation details. Using our proposed separation, we compare the desalination performance of a flow-through electrode (fte-CDI) cell and a flow between membrane (fb-MCDI) device, showing how significantly different systems can be compared in terms of generally desirable desalination characteristics. In general, we find that performance analysis must be considered carefully so to not allow for ambiguous separation conditions or the maximization of one metric at the expense of another. Additionally, for context and clarity, we discuss a number of important underlying performance indicators and cell characteristics that are not performance measures in and of themselves but can be examined to better understand differences in performance. © 2018 The Author(s) Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/122011
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
There are no files associated with this item.
作者单位: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, United States; Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, Leeuwarden, MA 8911, Netherlands; Soft Matter, Fluidics and Interfaces Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Meander ME 314, Enschede, 7500 AE, Netherlands; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
Recommended Citation:
Hawks S.A.,Ramachandran A.,Porada S.,et al. Performance metrics for the objective assessment of capacitive deionization systems[J]. Water Research,2019-01-01