DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.10.021
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-85055111963
论文题名: Anaerobic ureolysis of source-separated urine for NH3 recovery enables direct removal of divalent ions at the toilet
作者: Christiaens M.E.R. ; De Vrieze J. ; Clinckemaillie L. ; Ganigué R. ; Rabaey K.
刊名: Water Research
ISSN: 431354
出版年: 2019
卷: 148 起始页码: 97
结束页码: 105
语种: 英语
英文关键词: Precipitation
; Resource recovery
; Scaling
; Source-separation
; Ureolysis
; Urine hydrolysis
Scopus关键词: Ammonia
; Anaerobic digestion
; Batch reactors
; Body fluids
; Fermentation
; Hydrolysis
; Odor control
; Positive ions
; Precipitation (chemical)
; Recovery
; Sludge digestion
; Volatile fatty acids
; Anaerobic sequencing batch reactors
; Controlled environment
; Metabolic stability
; Microbial communities
; Nitrogen recovery
; Resource recovery
; Scaling
; Ureolysis
; Source separation
; ammonia
; calcium ion
; divalent cation
; magnesium ion
; ammonium
; anaerobic digestion
; anoxic conditions
; cation
; fermentation
; hydrolysis
; pollutant removal
; precipitation (chemistry)
; recovery method
; separation
; sludge
; Aerococcus
; Alcaligenaceae
; Alcaligenes
; anaerobic digestion
; anaerobic fermentation
; Article
; Carnobacteriaceae
; chemical modification
; Clostridiales
; Enterobacteriaceae
; household
; hydrolysis
; metabolic stability
; microbial community
; nonhuman
; odor control
; Paenalcaligenes
; precipitation
; Proteiniphilum
; Providencia
; reactor operation
; recycling
; sludge
; temperature
; Thiopseudomonas
; Tissierella
; ureolysis
; urine
; Vagococcus
; waste component removal
英文摘要: Source-separated urine is of interest for nutrient recovery. Most nitrogen recovery technologies rely on ammonia (NH3) as input, which requires ureolysis. As urease positive bacteria are widespread, source-separated urine is unstable, not only leading to NH3 release but also loss, odor nuisance, and downstream scaling. Hence, ureolysis ideally occurs in a closed controlled environment close to the toilet. We characterized microbial-induced ureolysis, subsequent divalent cation precipitation, and fermentation in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at 15 °C and 28 °C. Temperatures were a proxy for urine hydrolysis in a wet well at street level or in the toilet, respectively. The need for inoculation and the metabolic stability was assessed by inoculation with autofermented urine or a mixture of anaerobic digestion and fermentation sludge. The highest specific ureolysis rates in the SBRs were achieved at 28 °C: 2107 ± 395 and 1948 ± 1121 mg N g VSS−1 d−1, for the mixed and autofermented inoculum, respectively. For Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitation, and organics fermentation, autofermented urine at 28 °C performed best with 47.9 ± 16.4 mg Ca2+ g VSS−1 d−1, 8.2 ± 4.6 mg Mg2+ g VSS−1 d−1, and 623 ± 129 mg VFA-COD g VSS−1 d−1, respectively. This indicates the hydrolysis reactor should be close to the toilet. The selected inoculum did not impact ureolysis, whereas both Ca2+ and Mg2+ precipitation and fermentation were better in the SBRs with autofermented urine. Ureolysis was identified as the only process significantly impacting the microbial community, indicating external inoculation would not be required. A urine hydrolysis reactor in the toilet without external inoculation could thus serve as a controlled environment to release NH3 and remove divalent cations to prevent scaling in downstream transport and processing. For practical implementation in a household toilet, the reactor should be designed for user-friendly precipitate discharge and odor control. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd Citation statistics:
资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/122223
Appears in Collections: 气候变化事实与影响
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作者单位: Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent, B-9000, Belgium
Recommended Citation:
Christiaens M.E.R.,De Vrieze J.,Clinckemaillie L.,et al. Anaerobic ureolysis of source-separated urine for NH3 recovery enables direct removal of divalent ions at the toilet[J]. Water Research,2019-01-01,148