Background: Recent studies have suggested associations between air pollution and various birth outcomes, but the evidence for preterm birth is mixed.
Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between air pollution and preterm birth using 2008–2010 New York City (NYC) birth certificates linked to hospital records.
Methods: We analyzed 258,294 singleton births with 22–42 completed weeks gestation to nonsmoking mothers. Exposures to ambient fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) during the first, second, and cumulative third trimesters within 300 m of maternal address were estimated using data from the NYC Community Air Survey and regulatory monitors. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of spontaneous preterm (gestation < 37 weeks) births for the first- and second-trimester exposures in a logistic mixed model, and the third-trimester cumulative exposures in a discrete time survival model, adjusting for maternal characteristics and delivery hospital. Spatial and temporal components of estimated exposures were also separately analyzed.
Results: PM2.5 was not significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth. NO2 in the second trimester was negatively associated with spontaneous preterm birth in the adjusted model (OR = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97 per 20 ppb). Neither pollutant was significantly associated with spontaneous preterm birth based on adjusted models of temporal exposures, whereas the spatial exposures showed significantly reduced odds ratios (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.96 per 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 and 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98 per 20 ppb NO2). Without adjustment for hospital, these negative associations were stronger.
Conclusion: Neither PM2.5 nor NO2 was positively associated with spontaneous preterm delivery in NYC. Delivery hospital was an important spatial confounder.
1New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York, USA; 2Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 3Department of Epidemiology, and 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; 5Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; 6ZevRoss Spatial Analysis, Ithaca, New York, USA
Recommended Citation:
Sarah Johnson,1 Jennifer F. Bobb,2 Kazuhiko Ito,et al. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Preterm Birth in New York City[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2016-01-01,Volume 124(Issue 8):1283