Climate change is altering consumer- plant interactions in ecosystems worldwide. How consumers alter their spatial distribution, grazing activities, and functional morphology in response to climate stress can determine whether their effects on plants intensify or relax. Few studies have considered multiple consumer response metrics to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the resulting changes in consumer- plant interactions. Here, we tested how drought stress influences the interaction between the dominant consumer, the fungal-farming periwinkle snail Littoraria irrorata, and a foundational plant, cordgrass Spartina alterniflora, in a southeastern US salt marsh. In a 4 mo field experiment, we maintained moderate snail densities in mesh control chambers and clear plastic climate chambers that simulated drought by elevating temperatures and drying soils. Monitoring revealed that snails more often congregated on cordgrass stems than leaves in climate chambers than in controls. Image analyses indicated that this behavioral shift corresponded to snails inflicting shorter, but more numerous, fungal-infested scars on cordgrass leaves, and causing less plant damage in climate chambers than controls. Coincident with their net reduction in grazing, snails maintained longer radulae, whose central teeth were blunter and lateral teeth were sharper, in climate chambers compared to controls. These results suggest that under drought, snail radulae may experience less frictional wear and that, at intermediate densities, snail-cordgrass interactions relax. Together with prior research showing that at high densities, snails can denude cordgrass during drought, we conclude that consumer density, behavior, and morphological responses must be integrated in predictions of how climate change will affect the direction, strength, and stability of consumer-plant interactions.
1.Univ Florida, Dept Nat Resources & Environm, POB 116455, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 2.Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 34 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA 3.Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Aquat Ecol & Environm Biol, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands 4.Univ Florida, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 231 MAE-A,POB 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 5.Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 231 MAE-A,POB 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 6.Univ Florida, J Crayton Pruitt Family Dept Biomed Engn, 231 MAE-A,POB 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA 7.Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Coastal Syst, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands 8.Univ Utrecht, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands 9.Univ Groningen, Conservat Ecol Grp, Groningen Inst Evolutionary Life Sci, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands 10.Univ Florida, Environm Engn Sci, Engn Sch Sustainable Infrastruct & Environm, POB 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
Recommended Citation:
Chalifour, B.,Hoogveld, J. R. H.,Derksen-Hooijberg, M.,et al. Drought alters the spatial distribution, grazing patterns, and radula morphology of a fungal-farming salt marsh snail[J]. MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES,2019-01-01,620:1-13