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Climate change mitigation and its related reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most important challenges facing society. The major cause of the problem and the key to its solution are GHG-intensive firms that emit vast amounts of anthropogenic GHG emissions. The study reported herein aims to increase our understanding of the climate change mitigation strategies of these firms, in particular their antecedents and effects. A comprehensive conceptual model is proposed and tested empirically based on a survey of 247 firms that participated in the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme in the first two trading periods. We find that market pressures for reducing GHG emissions, perceived GHG-related regulatory uncertainty and environmental strategy focus are important determinants of corporate GHG reduction strategies which, in turn, enhance GHG-related performance. We also show that the results vary depending on the type of emissions.