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Lignocellulose biomass plays an important role in reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and ameliorating the dire consequences of climate change. It is therefore important that all the components of lignocellulose biomass are exploited. These components include hemicelluloses and extractives that are liberated and sterically stabilized during the thermomechanical pulping and that form the dissolved and colloidal substance (DCS) in the process water. Biorefining of this process water can extract these substances, which have a number of promising applications and can contribute to the full exploitation of lignocellulose biomass. This paper presents a simple treatment of unbleached Norway spruce (Picea abies) process water from TMP (thermomechanical pulping) production using induced air flotation (IAF) and cationic surfactant, dodecyl trimethylammonium chloride (DoTAC) to refine the extractives and prepare the waters so that hemicellulose could be easily harvested at a later stage. By applying 80 ppm of DoTAC at a pH of 3.5 and 50 degrees C before induced air flotation, 94% of the lipophilic extractives were recovered from process water. Dissolved hemicellulose polysaccharides were cleansed and left in the treated process water. The process enabled efficient biorefining of lipophilic extractives and purification of the process water to enable more selective harvesting of hemicelluloses in subsequent steps.