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To cope with weather and climate-induced impacts as well as with air pollution in cities, the German research programme "Urban Climate Under Change" ([UC](2)) aims at developing, testing and validating a new urban climate model, which is able to cover the full range of temporal and spatial scales of urban atmospheric processes. The project "Three-dimensional Observation of Atmospheric Processes in Cities" (3DO), which forms the module B of the [UC](2) research programme, aims at acquisition of comprehensive, accurate three-dimensional observational data sets on weather, climate and air quality in the German cities of Berlin, Hamburg and Stuttgart. Data sets from long-term observations and intense observation periods allow for evaluation of the performance of a new urban climate model called PALM-4U that is developed by the project "Model-based city planning and application in climate change" (MOSAIK), which forms the module A of the [UC](2) research programme. This article focuses on collaborative activities for compilation of existing and acquisition of new observational data within the 3DO project.