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In the U.S., the current regulatory regime for unconventional oil and gas development is extremely contested, with controversial exemptions buried in federal law and significant state-local conflict. Hence, the question of the appropriate scale of governance (e.g. federal, state, or local) for oil and gas development is unsettled. In this analysis, we consider the views of local policy actors in the western states of Utah and Colorado. We ask how factors such as the perceived importance of the industry and local economic conditions influence scalar preferences. Results imply that local policy actors tend to endorse local control and are generally not supportive of federal exemptions.