DOI: 10.1306/07061513012
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84953302418
论文题名: Pitfalls of using entrenched fracture relationships: Fractures in bedded carbonates of the hidden valley fault zone, Canyon Lake Gorge, Comal County, Texas
作者: McGinnis R.N. ; Ferrill D.A. ; Smart K.J. ; Morris A.P. ; Higuera-Diaz C. ; Prawica D.
刊名: AAPG Bulletin
ISSN: 0149-1444
EISSN: 1558-9174
出版年: 2015
发表日期: 2015
卷: 99, 期: 12 起始页码: 2221
结束页码: 2245
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Deformation
; Dynamic loads
; Failure (mechanical)
; Lithology
; Pavements
; Stratigraphy
; Stresses
; Structural geology
; Differential stress
; Fracture attributes
; Fractured reservoir
; Mechanical stratigraphy
; Natural fracture system
; Opening mode fracture
; Relative abundance
; Small displacement
; Fracture
Scopus学科分类: Energy
; Earth and Planetary Sciences
英文摘要: Characterizing natural fracture systems involves understanding fracture types (faults, joints, and veins), patterns (orientations, sets, and spacing within sets), size distributions (penetration across layering, aperture, and trace length), and timing relationships. Traditionally, observation-based relationships to lithology, mechanical stratigraphy, bed thickness, structural position, failure mode, and stress history have been proposed for predicting fracture spacing along with the relative abundance of opening-mode fracture versus faults in fractured rocks. Developing a conceptual fracture model from these relationships can be a useful process to help predict deformation in a fractured reservoir or other fractured rock systems. A major pitfall when developing these models is using assumptions based on general relationships that are often site specific rather than universal. In this paper, we examine a mixed carbonate-shale sequence that is cut by a seismic-scale normal fault where fracture attributes do not follow commonly reported fracture relationships. Specifically, we find (1) no clear relationship between frequency (or spacing) of opening-mode fractures (joints and veins) and proximity to the main fault trace and (2) no detectable relationship between fracture spacing and bed thickness. However, we did find that (1) the frequency of small-displacement faults is strongly and positively correlated with proximity to the main fault trace, (2) fracture networks change pattern and failure mode (extension versus shear fracture) from pavement to pavement through the mechanically layered stratigraphic section, and (3) faults are more abundant than opening-mode fractures in many areas within the fracture network. We interpret that the major fracturing initiated near maximum burial under relatively high-differential stress conditions where shear failure dominated and that mode-1 extension fracturing occurred later under lower differential stress conditions, filling in between earlier formed shear fractures. We conclude that whenever possible, site-specific observations need to be carefully analyzed prior to developing fracture models and perhaps a different set of fracture network rules apply in rocks where shear failure dominates and mechanical stratigraphy influences deformation. © Copyright 2015. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved. URL: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953302418&doi=10.1306%2f07061513012&partnerID=40&md5=c33ffd962dcdb4ec3059351db1f16b24
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/13015
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建 影响、适应和脆弱性 科学计划与规划 气候变化与战略 全球变化的国际研究计划 气候减缓与适应 气候变化事实与影响
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Recommended Citation:
McGinnis R.N.,Ferrill D.A.,Smart K.J.,et al. Pitfalls of using entrenched fracture relationships: Fractures in bedded carbonates of the hidden valley fault zone, Canyon Lake Gorge, Comal County, Texas[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2015-01-01,99(12)