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The world is passing through abrupt climate changes that are a threat for biodiversity. Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Fabaceae) is a tree species endemic to the Cerrado biome with a high economic potential. Its exploitation is done in an extractive way, which, coupled with climate changes and other landscape changes, can contribute to its decline. Here, we use ecological niche modeling (ENM) to map its distribution and environmental suitability in the past, present and future climates. The environmental variables were derived from community climate system model, for present, past and future scenarios. The maps showed that the specie had a larger distribution area in the past, during the last glacial maximum, and it decreased mainly in the Amazon rainforest region; today, the species is found mainly in the center of Cerrado. For the different climatic scenarios predicted for the future and considering various levels of anthropogenic drivers for climate change, a drastic loss of climatically suitability area of S. adstringens is expected, which may compromise the viability of the species. Our ENMs can then be useful to better establish and delimit conservation actions for this important species in the Cerrado region.