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Despite the increasing number of studies on deadwood, we still have limited knowledge of its dynamics. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of deadwood on the biochemical properties of soil and stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM). The investigation was carried out in the Czarna Rozga Reserve in Central Poland. The logs of four tree species at different stages of decomposition (III, IV and V) were selected for the analysis. Three replicate logs were sampled for each combination of decay classes, and the soil samples were collected from directly under the logs and from 1 m away from the logs. In this way, changes to the chemical and biochemical properties of the wood were determined. The SOM was physically fractioned. As the rate of deadwood decomposition increases, its biochemical activity increases and its chemical properties change. The biochemical activity, especially the soil's enzyme activity, was stimulated under highly decayed deadwood. The effects of deadwood are visible in SOM fractions, particularly in the content of the light fraction of SOM.