Using high-resolution Google Earth(TM) images in conjunction with Landsat images, the glaciers and lakes in the Baspa basin are classified to explore the recent changes. A total number of 109 glaciers (187 +/- 3.7 km(2)) are mapped and subsequently classified as compound valley glaciers, simple valley glaciers, cirques, niches, glacieretes and ice aprons. The compound and simple valley glaciers contribute 67.1 +/- 1.3% and 19.8 +/- 0.3% to the total glacier cover of the basin. Similarly, a total number of 129 glacial lakes (0.360 +/- 0.007 km(2)) are identified. From 1976 to 2011, the compound valley glaciers have lost a small area of 10.3 +/- 0.03% at a rate of 0.41 +/- 0.002 km(2) a(-1), whereas the niche glaciers have lost higher area of 40.1 +/- 0.001% at a rate of 0.04 +/- 0.0001 km(2) a(-1). Change detection of two benchmark glacial lakes revealed a progressive expansion during recent decades. The Baspa Bamak proglacial lake has expanded from 0.020 +/- 0.0004 km(2) (2000) to 0.069 +/- 0.001 km(2) (2011). Due to the complete loss of source ice, another glacial lake has expanded from 0.09 +/- 0.001 km(2) (1994) to 0.10 +/- 0.002 km(2) (2011). During the study period, the mean annual temperature that is T-avg, T-min and T-max have increased significantly at the 95% confidence level by 1.5 C-o (0.070 degrees C a(-1)), 1.8 C-o (0.076 degrees C a(-1)) and 1.6 C-o (0.0071 degrees C a(-1)) from 1985 to 2008. However, the precipitation has decreased significantly from 1976 and 1985 to 2008.
1.Natl Inst Hydrol, Water Resources Syst Div, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India 2.Geol Survey India, State Unit Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India 3.Indian Inst Technol Roorkee, Dept Earth Sci, Roorkee, Uttar Pradesh, India
Recommended Citation:
Jain, Sanjay K.,Mir, Riyaz Ahmad. Glacier and glacial lake classification for change detection studies using satellite data: a case study from Baspa basin, western Himalaya[J]. GEOCARTO INTERNATIONAL,2019-01-01,34(4):391-414