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The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) has played an important role in the recognition of a customary international law obligation for States to conduct an environmental assessment (EA) when a proposed activity is likely to have a transboundary impact. It is unclear, at present, whether this customary norm applies to the impacts of an activity on the global environment. In recent years, the EA frameworks of many UNECE member States have been construed or revised so as to include consideration for the impact of proposed activities on climate change. The UNECE could help to establish this growing practice as a norm through the adoption of a dedicated instrument on EA in the context of climate change. This article documents ongoing developments in UNECE member States and discussions that have taken place under the auspices of the UNECE and discusses next steps.