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Sulfate geoengineering could mitigate global warming via injecting SO2 into the stratosphere. However, its impacts on regional climate might lead to adverse consequences for local agriculture. In this study, we simulated the impacts of sulfate geoengineering on rice yield in China both with sufficient irrigation (irrigated) and without irrigation (rainfed). We used Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project G4 climates from six climate models to force the ORYZA version 3 crop model to simulate rice yields under sulfate geoengineering scenario. G4 prescribes a sulfate injection to offset the radiative forcing in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. Results indicated that during the last 15years of G4 sulfate geoengineering (i.e., 2055-2069), the implementation of sulfate geoengineering increases rice yields in most areas in China comparing with that without the implementation of sulfate geoengineering (i.e., RCP4.5), with a yield increase of 5.3 +/- 5.7% for irrigated yield and 4.8 +/- 7.3% for rainfed yield. After the termination of sulfate geoengineering, the irrigated rice yield in G4 is still significantly higher than that in RCP4.5, but such increase is not significant for rainfed yield. Temperature is always the dominant factor that drives the rice yield change no matter under irrigated or rainfed conditions, but the effect from solar radiation cannot be ignored in southern China.