DOI: 10.1306/04021211142
Scopus记录号: 2-s2.0-84867653077
论文题名: Thermal effects of Zechstein salt and the early to middle Jurassic hydrothermal event in the central Polish Basin
作者: Zielinski G.W. ; Poprawa P. ; Szewczyk J. ; Grotek I. ; Kiersnowski H. ; Zielinski R.L.B.
刊名: AAPG Bulletin
ISSN: 0149-1729
EISSN: 1558-9459
出版年: 2012
发表日期: 2012
卷: 96, 期: 10 起始页码: 1981
结束页码: 1996
语种: 英语
Scopus关键词: Cap rock
; Conductive heat transfer
; Convective heat transfer
; Cooling effects
; Deep drilling
; Deep gas
; Equilibrium thermodynamics
; Geothermal gradients
; Germany
; Heat-flow
; Jurassic
; Mesozoic
; Middle Jurassic
; North Sea
; Paleotemperatures
; Source rocks
; Structural control
; Surface temperatures
; Three-dimensional model
; Upper Permian
; Vitrinites
; Well data
; Atmospheric temperature
; Computerized tomography
; Glacial geology
; Heat transfer
; Methane
; Offshore oil wells
; Structural dynamics
; Surface properties
; Thermal conductivity
; fluid flow
; geopolitics
; heat flow
; hydrothermal plume
; Jurassic
; paleotemperature
; salt
; temperature gradient
; thermal conductivity
; thermodynamics
; Zechstein
; Atlantic Ocean
; Germany
; Kujawy
; North Sea
; Poland
; Calluna vulgaris
Scopus学科分类: Energy
; Earth and Planetary Sciences
英文摘要: Deep gas potential in the Polish Basin may factor significantly in European geopolitics, and thermal effects can influence that outcome there and elsewhere. Deep (>3 km [9843 ft]) well data from the Kujawy area of the central Polish Basin reveal average geothermal gradient (36°C/km), thermal conductivity of Mesozoic strata [κ = 2.29 W/m K), and presentday heat flow (Q = 82.4 mW/m 2) that is 3% less than that obtained using the entire borehole. The extrapolated surface temperature (-6.2°C) is in good agreement with temperatures during the Weichselian glaciation. The thermal conductivity of the Upper Permian Zechstein (4.89 W/m K) is in good agreement with values from the North Sea and northern Germany. Steady-state heat-flow theory (one-dimensional [ 1 -D]) predicts present-day temperature (199°C) at the base of Zechstein cap rock at 6-km (19,685-ft) depth in Kujawy. This is reduced just more than 10°C by low Zechstein thermal gradients (16.8°C/ km). Because of thermal refraction, two-dimensional and threedimensional models of Zechstein salt pillows can significantly negate this cooling effect; however, such effects appear absent in the Kujawy wells studied. A widespread Early to Middle Jurassic (∼195-175 Ma) hydrothermal event appears to have reached maximum in the Kujawy area. A 455°C paleotemperature at 7-km (22,966-ft) depth (Carboniferous) is predicted by 1-D conductive heat transfer; however, geologic evidence does not support this result. The discrepancy is reconciled by convective heat transfer with upward fluid flow (3.3 × 10 10 m/s [10.8 × 10 -10 ft/s]), resulting in a maximum paleotemperature of 273°C at 7-km (22,966-ft) depth, despite a paleoheat flow of 142 mW/m 2. The trend of intensity of the hydrothermal event correlates widi the present-day heat-flow trend. Hydrothermal event sites are subparallel to the major northwest-southeast structural and regional heat-flow trend, whereas odier sites as close as 14 km (45,932 ft) and without hydrothermal event are not. The decay of the hydrothermal event is consistent with localized cylindrical plumes (10-km [32,808-ft] radius) that cool by conduction. Results suggest a long-term (∼185 m.y.) structural control on heat flow. Linear regression to vitrinite paleotemperatures yields a 185-Ma Jurassic surface temperature of approximately 21.3°C that is approximately 13°C higher than the present-day temperature for Warsaw, Poland. The duration of maximum reservoir and source rock paleotemperature (<50 m.y.) is contrary to the kinetics of nitrogen and C0 2-producing wells. Equilibrium thermodynamics predicts approximately 60% methane for present-day Kujawy reservoirs, with considerable uncertainty that should be removed by anticipated new deep drilling. © 2012. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved. URL: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867653077&doi=10.1306%2f04021211142&partnerID=40&md5=dd321f06a1850d0ba99581d6cec4b702
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资源类型: 期刊论文
标识符: http://119.78.100.158/handle/2HF3EXSE/13299
Appears in Collections: 过去全球变化的重建 影响、适应和脆弱性 科学计划与规划 气候变化与战略 全球变化的国际研究计划 气候减缓与适应 气候变化事实与影响
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Recommended Citation:
Zielinski G.W.,Poprawa P.,Szewczyk J.,et al. Thermal effects of Zechstein salt and the early to middle Jurassic hydrothermal event in the central Polish Basin[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2012-01-01,96(10)