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Previous studies on the elements that affect the acceptance of nuclear power by a local populace have recognized the importance of government communication. However, we have discovered little research that has truly focused on how public acceptance of nuclear power is affected by government communication. In this study, we examined the effects of government communication on local acceptance of nuclear power by reviewing evidence from China. We focused on recent efforts by the Chinese government to improve its communication regarding the nuclear power industry through the reinitiation of its nuclear power production efforts and establishing an evaluation framework. Using survey data from three cities, we evaluated two government communication instruments: the popularization of science and the encouragement of public participation. The results revealed that encouraging public participation as a communication instrument was more effective in promoting public acceptance of nuclear power over a short period than popularizing the science using campaign-style enforcement. Open discussion not only encouraged the public to influence policy but also helped people realize their value as citizens, thereby further strengthening public acceptance of nuclear power. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.