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Denitrification is an important process that influences nitrogen (N) loss and the production of greenhouse gas in grassland soils. However, the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic factors to soil denitrification potential at the regional and sub-regional scales in grassland ecosystems remain elusive. In this study, soil samples were collected from 21 sites at three steppes of China, including the Inner Mongolia Plateau (IMP), the Xinjiang Autonomous Region (XAR) and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) grasslands. Results showed that the key factors controlling the denitrification potential were regional and scale-dependent. At the sub-regional scales, soil pH, aridity index (AI) and total organic carbon (TOC) explained the highest variances on denitrification potential in the IMP, XAR and TP steppe, respectively. At the regional scale, the mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the most important environmental driver for the denitrification potential. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling revealed that the MAP might regulate denitrification potential directly and indirectly by its effects on the plant and soil properties. Overall, these results help to improve our understandings on the prediction of the denitrification potential under global changes and revealed that the denitrification potential at various scales could be regulated by the multiple interactions of abiotic and biotic factors. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.