There is a declining trend in the distributions of natural sandalwood tree resources worldwide. Most of the Indian sandalwood trees face survival threats due to anthropogenic causes and climate change in the future. This research focusses on identification of safer areas from anthropogenic threats due to access from road networks and settlements and also focusses on the impact of climate change over the sandalwood trees in 2050. According to a previous research (Baybutt PSP 21(4):269-275, 2002), these kinds of threats get minimised as the distances from roads and human habitations increase. So, anthropogenic threat index map' has been prepared separately for roads and settlement data of Tamil Nadu, which is the study area of this research. Similarly, vulnerability index map' has been prepared pertaining to the same study area, keeping in consideration the effect of climate change in the future. This map has also been clipped with the identified safer areas from anthropogenic threats. So, the ultimately resulting map could be used for prioritising the areas before commencing the artificial sandalwood tree plantations in the future. This research infers that about 65.98% of Tamil Nadu is vulnerable to anthropogenic threats from human settlements and also about 78.14% of Tamil Nadu is vulnerable to anthropogenic threats from roads. Ultimately, the anthropogenic threat analysis shows that about 72.06% of the area of Tamil Nadu is vulnerable to anthropogenic threats due to human interventions from both roads and settlements. This research also infers that there is 17.54% vulnerability for the identified safer areas in Tamil Nadu to pose threats due to climate change in the future.