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Taxonomy represents the baseline for biological characterization and naming for endangered plant species. Phlomis aurea has never been a subject of comprehensive biosystematics assessment. Phlomis aurea is an endangered species suffering from global changes which lead to population decline. It is important to rediscover critical biological traits related to endemic species to help set up conservation plan(s). The current study represents a comprehensive morphological and anatomical characterization of the endangered Phlomis aurea endemic to Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Phylogenetic placement and DNA barcoding were done using two molecular markers (rbcL and psb-A/trn-H).