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The variability of average daily surface air temperature in Russia is investigated using weather station data for 1970-2015. Three variability ranges are analyzed: interdaily (<3 days) range, synoptic (3-7 days) range, and the range of stable weather patterns (8-20 days). Standard deviations are estimated for the reference (1970-1999) and modern (2000-2015) climate periods for summer and winter. The climate continentality is observed in the spatial distribution of variability: the maximum variability for all ranges is registered in Central Siberia. The interdaily and synoptic variability decreases (as a rule by 10-20%) in winter during the modern period in most regions of Russia. In the range of 8-20 days in winter, variability increases in the regions south of 60 degrees N, with the maximum growth (up to 30%) in the Altai krai. In summer, with the overall general decrease variability, in the western part of Russia and in South Siberia a slight increase in the interdaily and synoptic variability of average daily surface air temperature is found.