In this paper, the large strain thawing consolidation theory is proposed by combining with large strain consolidation theory with Updated Lagrangian description and thermal conduction equation with phase change. Thermal regimes and thawing settlements of fill embankments with various heights in warm permafrost regions are researched. Thermal analyses indicated that permafrost table will move upwards slightly beneath the embankment with a reasonable height in 5-10 years after construction, but the underlying permafrost will warm significantly. In the context of climate warming, the permafrost table begins to decline quickly after 5-10 years of embankment construction. The lower the embankment height is, the larger the table's decline is. Compared with the small strain thawing consolidation theory, the large strain theory is more applicable for thawing settlement of ice-rich frozen soils. The embankment deformation develops quickly during the warm seasons but slowly in cold seasons. And the higher the embankment is, the larger the thawing settlement is. Lastly, a settlement ratio, defined as thawing settlement of embankment to its height, is proposed.