The hydrological processes of the alpine cold regions are particularly sensitive to climate change in arid areas. The hydrological effects of glaciers, snow and permafrost changes have produced a significant impact on the downstream water supply. Take the Qingshuihe River Basin which located on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains as the study area, by the analysis of the runoff changes, and combined with the meteorological data of the Baluntai Meteorological Stations in the upstream mountainous, the response characteristics of the alpine watershed runoff process in the context of climate change was studied. The results showed that, the runoff process is subject to the changes in precipitation, but there is an additional influenced on runoff by the temperature increasing. The runoff change resulted from climate change is delayed; there is a significant increase in winter runoff. The snow cover is less in Tianshan Mountains in the southern Xinjiang, and the runoff in spring is not obvious. The precipitation and runoff in summer occurs at the same time, which result in the hydrological process of alpine mountain is insensitive to changes in solid precipitation. The winter runoff increased significantly by the permafrost degradation. It should be strengthened to cope with the impact of climate change on hydrological processes that the mountain reservoir construction. And by the engineering measures regulation to safeguard sustainable water supply and use.