Enhanced vegetation index data of MODIS from 2000 to 2012 were used to analyze the vegetation change along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway. Combined with climate data, the suppression due to reinforcement/rebuilding projects was evaluated. Sixteen quadrates nearby highway, three quadrates nearby railway and eight original quadrates were selected to monitor. Comparing the monitored vegetation growths between quadrates nearby highway/railway and original quadrates, the self-recovery capability and its four impact factors are able to evaluate and analyze. It is found that the influence on vegetation along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway is due to climate change, superimposed with of reinforcement and rebuilding. The self-recovery ability of vegetation depends on terrain, vegetation, climate change and intensity of engineering activity.