As the result of the complex earth-atmosphere exchange system, permafrost will be inevitably influenced by climate change characterized by temperature rising. Based on ground temperature data from eight ground monitoring sites from 2006 to 2011, variation characteristics of permafrost temperatures and permafrost tables in cold and warm permafrost regions were studied in this paper. It is found that permafrost along the railway has experienced a significant warming. During the observation, the average rising rates of permafrost temperatures at 15-m depth and at permafrost table were 0.018 ℃·a~(-1)and 0.015 ℃·a~(-1), respectively, and the rising of permafrost temperature at the above two depths in cold permafrost regions was higher than that in warm permafrost regions. Moreover, the depth of permafrost table also showed an increase with a mean rate of 4.7 cm·a~(-1). The increase of permafrost table in cold permafrost regions was lower than that in warm permafrost regions. Response to climate change showed a great difference between cold and warm permafrost regions. Meanwhile, influenced by local factors, increases of permafrost temperature and permafrost table also showed some differences in different regions.