The annual and seasonal change trends of vegetation coverage and their response to climate change in Xilin Gol Grasslands during 2000 - 2010 were examined by employing MODIS NDVI datasets in growing season from April to October and corresponding climatic variables including monthly temperature and precipitation. The results indicated that the growing season NDVI, on the whole, tended to increase from 2000 to 2010. The correlation coefficient between NDVI and precipitation was 0. 89,indicating that the precipitation was a primary factor of vegetation dynamics. For seasonal changes, the NDVI experienced the increasing trend in spring and decreasing trend in summer and autumn. Correlation analyses showed that the vegetation variations were mostly controlled by precipitation in spring and summer, while it was regulated by temperature in autumn. The pixel-based analyses displayed that the regions characterized by increases were distributed in Abbaga county, Xilinhaote city, Taipusiqi and Duolun County, and the regions characterized by decline were mostly located at east Ujimqin county, west Ujimqin county in recent 10 years. The vegetation dynamics and their response characteristic to temperature and precipitation differed from different grassland types.