The Inner Mongolia grassland ranks first among China' s five major pastoral areas, which is an important ecological defense in north China. However, Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem has been damaged severely due to climate change and human factors. China has implemented a series of ecological projects to restore and improve grassland ecosystem. This paper analyzed the effects of Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project as well as Returning grazing land to grass project in Inner Mongolia pastoral 33 counties. Based on Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook and relevant materials, we found that the project implementation improved ecological, economic and social benefits of Inner Mongolia pastoral area. However, some problems still existed such as low compensation standard, small compensation range, weak input and investment, single compensation subjects, backward regulatory system and other problems. In order to solve these issues, this paper put forward seven aspects of countermeasures and suggestions so as to provide a strong guarantee for the smooth implementation of subsequent grassland ecosystem projects.