Field investigation was carried out from Xunyang to Yunxian along the upper Hanjiang River valley, typical palaeoflood slackwater deposit interbedded in loess-like sediments were found in the profile of XTZ, NGK and JJTZ, which indicate these bedded slackwater deposits recorded the information of palaeoflood events. Systematic sampling for optical dating was carried out on these profiles. The Post-IR OSL single aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol was used to determine equivalent and 14 OSL ages were obtained. The results show that there were two stage extreme palaeofloods occurred 9.5~8.5 ka B.P. and 3.2~2.8 ka B.P, respectively. According to the analysis of grain-size distribution and magnetic susceptibility, the relationship between Holocene palaeoflood events and climate change was established. The transitional loess (L_t) was dated to 11 500~8 500 a B.P. It has recorded the climatic shift from cold and moist to amelioration during the Early Holocene and dust storm activity gradually decreased. The Luvisol (S_0) was dated 8 500~ 3 100 a B.P. It has recorded the warm-humid climate during the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum. This is a period with more intensified pedogenesis. The loess (L_0) was dated to 3 100 a B.P. that has recorded the climate decline during the Late Holocene and dust storms were obviously intensified to form modern loess. Environment records from all over the world revealed the temperature rising, relative precipitation increasing and climatic fluctuation during the period of 9.5~8.5 ka, which lead to abrupt climate events occured frequently such as cooling, flood and drought; during the period of 3.2~2.8 ka, that is a turning period from the Middle Holocene to the Late Holocene, climate changing to aridity, climate change intensively, atmosphere instability and precipitation variability. Therefore, climate changing and transformation were the main reason of frequent flood occurence. The climatic Hydrography event recorded during 9.5~8.5 ka and 3.2~2.8 ka represents the concrete manifestation of the hydrological system to global climate change. The regional responses of the hydrological system. It is significant to understand the regional responses of the hydrological system to global climate change.