The authors describe frontiers of exploration geochemical research fields from nanoscale to global-scale patterns. Geochemical exploration initiated research on chemical compositions of hand specimens and local primary geochemical halos in the early stage, focused on regional geochemical distribution since 1970s, and on global-scale geochemistry since 1990s. Into 2000s, geochemists initiated a better understanding of micro- and nano-scale mechanisms governing the laws of these macro-scale (local, regional and global) geochemical patterns. This paper centers on the latest progresses in the 3 research fields: (1) nano-scale insight into migration mechanism of elements, particularly focused on findings of nanometer crystals of copper and gold; (2) regional-scale geochemical exploration for sandstone-type uranium deposits in basins; (3) global-scale geochemical baselines and their relations with geological background, mineral resources, climate changes, and human activities.