On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of previous data and a complete summary of the my ideas,under the guidance of holistic view and system theory,this paper investigates the motion pattern of the opening complex Earth system in different spatial and temporal scales against the key scientific problems of plate tectonics. Origin and evolution of basin-mountain,ocean-continent and their associated mechanism are explored by the research ideas of combination of horizontal and vertical motion,fluid movement and solid movement,process of the Earth's interior,external and surface,and it is considered that thermodynamics is the key factor of crustal material recycling between basin and mountain,and crust-mantle material recycling between ocean and continent. Water cycle, volcanic material circulation,atmospheric circulation,carbon cycle,biogeochemical cycles,ocean circulation related to the basin-mountain and ocean- continent material recycling exist in the open Earth system,and yield resource, energy,disaster,environmental effects. Earth' s thermal energy is released in the form of super disaster chains consisted of giant drought-volcano-frozen-earthquake-floods-rising sea levels after a long-term accumulation, and many giant disasters with time-space relationship and associated mechanism resulted in the biological death in batches,and mass extinction. During geological time,numerous smaller thermal disaster chains with similar structure and same mechanism as giant thermal disaster chains also affect the Earth's ecological environment and global change in different degrees. Thermal disaster chains run through the whole evolution process of the Earth. Strong earthquakes in mainland of China are predicted according to regular pattern of lower crustal flow and temporal-spatial structure of the thermal disaster chain. Development of geothermal energy not only can solve the energy crisis, but also can reduce the intensity of disasters and delay disasters.