Based on the observed data of precipitation and temperature during 1961 - 2010 in Xi - Hai - Gu District of Ningxia,with methods of linear regression,Z index and the M - K mutation test,it aims to analyze the response of global warming owe to climate change and the increasing trend of drought - flood disasters in recent 50 years. The research shows that: (1) within 50 years the climate in Xi - Hai - Gu District of Ningxia was inclined to turn drier and drier. The temperature tended to rise(0. 259 ℃ / 10 a),higher than the western average warming rate (0. 2 ℃ / 10 a). (2) Rainfall rate in recent 50 years in Xi - Hai - Gu District of Ningxia showed a trend of falling volatility and the fixation rate was of 16. 58 mm / 10 a,with average rainfall of 418. 04 mm. Seasonal reduction characteristics of precipitation in spring,summer and autumn was obvious,especially the autumn precipitation. In winter,the precipitation increased slightly. (3) The frequency of drought and flood disasters was in accordance with temperature change. Under the background of global warming,Xi - Hai - Gu District of Ningxia was suffering from drought compared with flood,which is likely to rise further. Thus,it is significant to reduce the negative impact of climate change on regional sustainable development.