We mainly reviewed the cause for marine diseases which posed a potential threat to our health and marine environment in this paper. Climate change has a serious impact on the marine diseases, simultaneously with the economic development and the population surgeing in the coastal areas. The marine environment is subjecting to unprecedented environmental pollution, which showed complex pathogenesis patterns and sometimes involving immunologic dysfunction, which brought a major concern of ocean degradation most environmental experts to focus on. These combined factors led to the occurrence of marine diseases outbreaks frequently. Marine disease exerts enormous challenged on sustainable development of the marine environment, which also posed a serious threat to human health and marine economy. The paper proposed priorities for future scientific studies about climate variability, anthropogenic factors, immunity, the dynamics of infectious diseases, as well as the responds to the marine diseases.