With the wheat and maize yield data from 2001 to 2010 of Henan Province and the meteorological data from 1991 to 2010 of four cities which represent different ecoregions: Anyang,Xuchang,Zhoukou and Nanyang,the yield characteristics of wheat and maize and the effects of climate change on wheat-maize cropping system was analysised. The results showed that,wheat yields were higher than corn yields except in northern of Henan,and the maximum yield gap between maize and wheat appeared in the southeast of Henan. Photosynthetic production potential of maize yield was significantly greater than that of wheat,and the southeast of Henan had the greatest maize yield potential. The accumulated temperature decreased significantly with latitude increasing. In wheat and maize growing season the accumulated temperature was unable to meet the demand of maturing varieties in northern Henan,and in the southeast of Henan the accumulated temperature could fully meet the demand of medium maturity and maturing varieties. Sunshine hours increased gradually with latitude increasing,except a slight increase in the north in the wheat growing season. The sunshine hours of the four cities declined in wheat and maize growing season,which was not conducive to reach the max yields of wheat and maize. In wheat growing season the rainfall reduced,and the rainfall could not meet the demand of wheat growing in the four cities. In maize growing season,the rainfall showed an increasing trend except for the north of Henan.