Climate change and air pollution exacerbation have promoted the frequently occurring of cold weather, heat wave and haze in China respectively, which in turn increases the respiratory diseases problems. It is known that low temperature, high temperature or ambient particulate matter (major content of haze) is related to the increase of respiratory diseases occurrence and death. Therefore, this paper reviewed the effect of ambient temperature and ambient particulate matter on respiratory system and the related mechanism, and speculated the interactive effect of temperature and ambient particulate matter on respiratory system and the possible mechanism. This review unveiled that there is interactive effect of ambient temperature and particulate matter on respiratory system, and the mechanism may include the internal cause, interactive effect of ambient temperature and particulate matter on the inflammatory factors and the external cause, the effect of ambient temperature on the level of ambient particulate matter.