[Aim] Recent warmer climate caused persistent outbreaks of Siberian grasshopper,Gomphocerus sibiricus (L.),in Xinjiang. This study aims to explore the potential physiological and biochemical mechanisms of G. sibiricus exposed to high temperature. [Methods] The contents of trehalose,glycerine,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid accumulated in adult grasshopper bodies were measured after these locusts had been placed in climate cabinet under consistent temperature regimes of 24 - 42℃ at 3℃ intervals for 4 h. [Results]The contents of trehalose,glycerine,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in G. sibiricus increased with temperature ranging from 24 to 30℃,and reached the peak at 30℃,with the contents of 18. 691 mug/g,261. 432 mug/g,79. 063 mg/g,78. 664 and 227. 593 mg/g,respectively. The contents of trehalose,glycerine,oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid in G. sibiricus began to decrease as the temperature rose further,and reached the lowest at 42℃,with the contents of 18. 218 mug/g,104. 588 mug/g,4. 343 mg/g,3. 093 mg/g,and 11. 067 mg/g,respectively. The accumulation rates of these stress resistant substances were different with temperature increasing. The content of linolenic acid increased dramatically (832. 189%) while that of trehalose accumulated increased slightly (0. 893%). The content of linoleic acid had a significant decrease (63. 988%) while that of trehalose reduced slightly (0. 224%). [Conclusion]The higher the temperature above 30℃,the higher the locust mortality. This study demonstrated that with the temperature increasing in a certain range,G. sibiricus can adapt to higher temperature conditions by regulating the contents of stress resistant substances,especially the unsaturated fatty acids,and thus remains a serious pest to the steppe in Xinjiang under the trend of climate warming.