To provide references to improve the utilization efficiency of water resources and guarante the safe grain production of wheat, the impact of climate change on the growth and water use efficiency of spring wheat grown in Shiyang river basin were studied.The results showed that:(1)the annual temperature variation in Shiyang river basin was fluctuating with upward trend, the linear fitting trend rate was of 0.383℃·10a~(-1).Increased precipitation rate was very small, but the evaporation in this arid area was increased, which limited the role of the increased heat resources.(2)The effects of climate warming on the growth period of spring wheat were that the dates at three leaf stage and jointing stage in spring were 0.2~1.5dahead every 10years.The dates from heading to maturity in summer were significantly advanced by 0.9~4.1din advance in every 10years(P<0.05).The vegetation growth period and the transition period of spring wheat was shortened by 2.2~3.4d·10a~(-1)(P<0.05), while the reproductive growth period was prolonged 2.3d·10a~(-1)(P<0.01).(3)The influence of temperature on the water use efficiency of spring wheat was with positive effect(R=0.761, P<0.001).The water use efficiency of spring wheat would be increased by 0.24~0.33kg· hm~(-2)·mm~(-1) for 1℃increase of the temperature.While the precipitation and the water use efficiency of spring wheat was negatively correlated(not significantly), the water use efficiency could be improved by 0.12~0.41kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1) for 1mm reduction of precipitation.The increase of sunshine hours could improve the water use efficiency of spring wheat(R=0.519, P<0.01), the water use efficiency of spring wheat could be increased by 0.17~0.26kg·hm~(-2)·mm~(-1) for 10hincrease of sunshine hours.